بوذا

[قحطان الخطيب]

(30) بوذا (Buddha)
اقتباس وإعداد وترجمة : قحطـان فؤاد الخطيب / العراق
juror.qahtan1@gmail.com / Mobile: 07723159372
مقتبسة عن موسوعة إنكارتا Excerpted from Encarta Kids 2006

بوذا ( ؟ 483 - ؟ 563 ) ق.م. ، فيلسوف هندي ومؤسس البوذية ولد في لومبيني ، النيبال
وقد يكون سيدهارذا كوتاما ، الرجل الذي أصبح معروفاً بـ بوذا ، عاش حياة لم تعرف الهم ، إلا أنه كرس نفسه بحثاً عن الحقيقة والفهم ، لكي يساعد في إنهاء معاناة الآخرين. وفيما بعد من حياته أُعطي كوتاما أسم بوذا ، والذي يعني "الشخص المنور" . وأعتبر بوذا منوراً لأنه أكتسب الفهم من المسائل الروحية . وتكوِّن تعاليمه أساس البوذية ، أحد الأديان الرئيسية في العالم.
وليد لعائلة من المحاربين

ولد بوذا حوالي 563 ق.م. في النيبال . وكانت عائلته من النبلاء والمحاربين الذين أرادوه أن يكون محارباً ، أيضاً . بيد أنه ومنذ نعومة أظفاره كان هادئاً ومفكراً . ولم يحب حياة الامتيازات في قصر أبيه ، إذ وجده باهتاً يعوزه البريق . وهكذا بدأ يطوف حول الأرياف ، مفكراً بعمق حول الطريقة الصحيحة للعيش.
بـوذا يـرى المعانـاة

لاقى بوذا ثلاثة رجال ذات يوم بالصدفة حوالي عام 533 ق.م.، حيث كان الأول طاعناً في الســن ، فيما كان الثاني مريضاً. أمـا الثالث فكان قد قضى . نظر بوذا إليهم ورأى بأن العالم كان مغموراً بالمعاناة . ثم تساءل: لِمَ كان هذا ؟ ألا من نهاية له؟ ثم التقى بوذا بشخص رابع ، راهب هندي ، عاش على التسول . لقد كان هذا الراهب رزيناً وهادئاً . ولهذا قرر بوذا محاولة العيش مثله . لقد سافر بوذا خلال الهند دارساً مع مدرسين هنود . إلا أن أفكارهم الدينية لم تنل رضاه.
حركة التنويـر العظمى

قضى بوذا الوقت لوحده أيضاً ، مفكراً ومتأملاً . وفي عام 528 ق.م. كان جالساً تحت شجرة عندما شعر فجأة بأنه فهم المعاناة . وكان سببها الناس أنفسهم ! فلو عاشوا حياة أفضل لكانت انتهت.
قال بوذا: "على كل شخص أن يكون متواضعاً ، كريماً ورحيماً . وعلى الناس التخلي عن العنف والتحلي بضبط النفس."
أمضى بوذا بقية حياتـه يُدَرِسْ ويعظ . لقد اتبعه كثير من الناس . فأصبح البعض رهباناً وراهبات . فيما أستعمل الآخرون أفكارهم ليقودوا حياتهم اليومية. لقد نما دين جديد يدعى البوذية . وأنتشر في عدة أجزاء من العالم مات بوذا في النيبال بعمر يناهز الثمانين . ولا يزال يكرم من قبل ملايين الناس في أماكن عديدة .
Buddha
Siddhartha Gautama, the man who became known as Buddha, could have led a comfortable, carefree life. But he devoted himself to a search for truth and understanding so that he could help end the suffering of other people. Late in life, Gautama was given the name Buddha, which means “enlightened one.” Buddha was considered enlightened because he had gained understanding of spiritual matters. His teachings form the basis of Buddhism, one of the world's major religions.

BORN TO A FAMILY OF WARRIORS
Buddha was born around 563 BC in Nepal. His family were nobles and warriors. They wanted him to be a warrior, too. But from childhood, Buddha was quiet and thoughtful. He did not like the privileged life at his father’s palace. He found it dull. So he began to wander around the countryside, thinking deeply about the right way to live.

BUDDHA SEES SUFFERING
One day, around 533 BC, Buddha came across three men. The first was old, the second was sick, and the third was dead. Looking at them, Buddha saw that the world was full of suffering. Why was this, he wondered. Could it ever end? Then Buddha met a fourth man: a Hindu monk who lived by begging. The monk was calm and serene, so Buddha decided to try living like him. Buddha traveled through India, studying with Hindu teachers. But their religious ideas did not satisfy him.

THE GREAT ENLIGHTENMENT

Buddha also spent time alone, thinking and meditating. In 528 BC, he was sitting under a tree when he suddenly felt he understood suffering. It was caused by people themselves! If they lived better lives, it would end. Buddha said that everyone should try to be humble, generous, and merciful. People should give up violence and practice self-control. Buddha spent the rest of his life teaching and preaching. Many people followed him. Some became monks and nuns. Others used his ideas to guide their everyday lives. A new religion called Buddhism grew and spread to many parts of the world. Buddha died in Nepal at about the age of 80. Today, he is still honored by millions of people.

[FrankJScott]

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