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قديم 11-20-2014, 05:42 AM   #1
عہذب إلمہعآنہيے
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افتراضي حــروف الـجـــر في اللغة الفارسية

دروس تعلم اللغة الفارسية




حــروف الـجـــر :

فــــــي = دَ ر
عــلــى = بـَــر
مِـــــن = اَز
إلــى = تــــا
أدوات الإسـتـفـهـام :
كـيـف = جـِـطــور
هـــل = آيـــا
كـــم = جـِــه قــَـدر
أيـــنَ = كـُــجـــا
مـتـى = جـِـه وقــت
مــــا = جــِـه
...........................................

المـــصــــادر :
قـد يـنـتـهـي بــِـ ( دن ) = مـصـدر ثـقـيـل .
أو يـنـتـهـي بــِـ ( تـن ) = مـصـدر خـفـيـف .

و للـمـصــــــــــــدر ثـلاثــة أنــواع :
* بــســـــيــــــــط : وهـو يـتـكـون مـن كـلـمـة واحـدة .
مـثـــــــــال :
رَفــْـتــَـن = الــذهـــــاب . مـأخــوذة مـن ( رَ فــْـت ) ذ َهـَــب .
آمـَـــد ن = الـمـجــيء . مــأخــوذة مـن ( آمَـــد ) جــــــاء .
* مـقـتـرن بـسـابـقـة ( أي سـبـقـه حـرف من حروف الإضـافـة أو الـجـر )
مـثـــــــــــال :
بَـررسـيـدن = الـوصـــول , (ر ِســيـــد ) , دَر دادَن = الـعـطـــاء , ( داد ) .
* مــــركـــّــــــــب : يـتـركـب مـن كـلـمـتـيـن أو أكـثــر :
مـثـــــــــال :
مـوفـَـق شـُــدَن = الـنـجـاح , مـسـافـرت كـردن = الـســفـَـر .

الـمـصـدر الـمـرخــم :
وهـو الـذي تـحـذف( نـون ) الـمـصدر فـيـه , فيـبـقى دون ( نـون ) , ومـنـه نـأتـي بـكـل صـيـغ الـمـاضـي وكذلـك فـعـل الـمـسـتـقبـل .

الـفـعـل الـمـاضــي الـمـطـلـق :
وهـو يـدل عـلـى حـدث فـي الـمـاضـي وانـتـهى تـمـامـا ً .
مـصـــدر مــرخــم + ضــمــائــر الـفـــاعــلــيــة .
مـثــال : كَــُـفــتــــي ( قــُـلــــت َ ) .
تـصـريــف مـصــدر ( خــَـريـدَن ) = الـشــراء . إذا حـذفـنـا الـنـون يـصـبـح ( خـَـريــد ) .
مـثــــــــــــــــال :
مـَن خـَـريــدَم ، تـو خـَـريــدي , او خـَـريـد , مـا خـَـريـديـم ، ايـشـان خـَـريـد َنــد .

* نـسـتـطـيع أن نـسـتـغـني عـن الـضـمـائـر الـشـخـصية ونـكـتـفي بـضمائر الفاعلية فـقـط .
فـنـقـول : خــَـريــدَم , خـَـريـدي , خـَـريـد ، خـَـريـدَ نـد , .........( اشـتـريـت ُ ، اشـتـريـت َ , اشـتـرى , اشـتـروا , ..... )

ضـمـائـر الـشـخـصـيـة / الـفـاعـلـيـة :
مَــن = م
تـــو = ي
او = ...
مـــــا = يــم
شـمـا = يــد
ايـشــان = نـــد .
..............................


الـجـمـلـة فـي اللغـة الـفـارسـيـة :
* امــا اسـمــيـــــة أو فـعـلــيــــــــــــــة .

( أ ) الـجـمـلــــة الاسـمـيـــــــة :
تـتـكــون مـن : مـبـتـدأ + خـــــــــــــبـر + رابـطـــة ( فعـل مـسـاعـد ) .
مـثـــال :
ا ِيــن آب كَــَــــرم اســت = هـذا الـمـــاء ســـاخــن .
مـَـن كَــرســنــه هـَسـتــَـم = أنــاجـــائــع .

* سـبـق وأن قـمنـا بـتـصـريـف الـرابـطـة والـضمـائـر فـي الـدرس الـثـانـي , وللـتذكـيـر :
هـسـتـَـم , هـسـتـي , هـسـت ( اسـت ) , هـسـتـيـم , هـسـتـنـد , ........

* لـنـــــــــــفـي الـرابـطـة ( الفعل المساعد ) نـضـيـف الـيـهـا ( ن ) .
مـثـــــال :
نـيـسـتـم , نـيـســت , نـيـسـتـي , نـيـسـتـيـم , ..........
مَــن بـيـمـار هـسـتــم ( أنـا مـريـض ) .
مـَـن بـيـمـار نـيـسـتـم ( أنـا لسـت مـريـضـا ً ) .

( ب) الـجـمـلـة الــفـعـلـيـــة :
تـتـكـون مـن فــاعــل + فــعـل ( يـتـقـدم الـفـاعـل عـلـى الـفـعـل ) كـاللـغـة الإنـجـلـيـزيـة .
مـــثـــــــــــــال :
نـاصــر خــورد ( أكـَـلَ نــاصــر ) .
تـــو نـوشــيــدي ( أنـت َ شـربـتَ ) .
شــمــا نـوشـيـدِ يــد ( أنـتـم شـربـتـم )
عہذب إلمہعآنہيے غير متواجد حالياً   رد مع اقتباس
قديم 11-21-2014, 06:03 AM   #2
اتعبتني حروفي
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افتراضي رد: حــروف الـجـــر في اللغة الفارسية

دروس جميلة في اللغة الفارسية

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قديم 11-22-2014, 04:15 AM   #3
حبي لك مش كلمة
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قديم 10-11-2020, 11:37 PM   #4
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قديم 10-20-2020, 10:50 PM   #5
FrankJScott
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قديم 02-13-2023, 07:12 PM   #6
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قديم 04-07-2023, 12:45 AM   #7
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قديم 01-29-2023, 09:38 AM   #8
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قديم 02-12-2023, 01:43 PM   #9
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قديم 02-26-2023, 12:02 PM   #10
FrankJScott
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