6- حروف الجر

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حروف الجر Prepositions

حروف الجر كثيرة ومتشابكة , فقد يكون للحرف الواحد أكثر منمعنى وذلك حسب موقعه في الجملة . و الطريقة المثلى لتعلم حروفالجر هي التدرب عليها من خلال جمل وليست كحروف منفصلة . A preposition shows the relation between the subject an object .

There are also prepositions of time and prepositions of place .

تدل حروف الجر على العلاقة بين الفاعل والمفعول به ويوجد أيضاً حروف جر دالة

على الزمن وحروف جر دالة على المكان .

أستخدام حروف الجر Use of prepositions

1 - IN

الأستخدام Use

فصل Season
سنة Year
شهر Month
الصباح The morning
المساء The evening
في الداخل To mean above

مثال Example

The trees grow in spring .
I was born in 1968 .
The test is in May .
I go to work in the morning .
I go home in the evening .
He is in the mosque .
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2 - ON

الأستخدام Use

الأيام Day

الأيام + الفترة Day + morning , night
التاريخ Afternoon , evening ,date
أيام خاصة Special days
بمعنى فوق To mean above

مثال Example

on Monday
on Friday morning
My birthday is on June10 .
I will travel on National Day
The tea is on the table .

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3 - AT

الأستخدام Use

الوقت Time
الأعياد والأحتفالات Festiva
أوقات الوجبات meal times
نهاية الأسبوع The weekend
الظهر Noon
الليل Night
للمكان To mean place

مثال Example

I will come back at 2o'clock .
I will meet you at the school festival .
I will talk to my father at lunch .
We will travel at the weekend .
We pray at noon everyday .
We sleep at night
He is at the grocer's .

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4 - AT

الأستخدام Use

في مكان محدد at an exact place
في العمل at work
على الطاولة at the table

مثال Example

He lives at number 5 , King Fahad Street .
Ahmed is at work .
They are standing at the dinner table .

under
بمعنى تحت
The cat is under the table .

in front of
بمعنى أمام
The teacher is in front of the class .

to
مكان / اتجاه direction / place
I go to school everyday .

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حروف الجر الدالة على المكان Preposition of place

with
بمعنى بـ
I write with a pen .

from
بمعنى من
I am from Riyadh .

behind
بمعنى خلف
The wall is behind the class .

between
بمعنىبين
Samah is sitting between Fatma and Salwa .

4 - ON

الأستخدام Use

TV على شاشة التليفزيون
Time الوقت المحدد

مثال Example

Ali watches football on TV every Saturday ..
He arrives on time .

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حروف الجر الدالة على المكان Prepositions of place

4- IN

الأستخدام Use

بمعنى داخل To mean inside
في بلد In a country
مدينة / في شارع In a town / street
في الفراش In bed
في مبنى أومنطقة In a building or area
على الكرسي In a chair

مثال Example

Put this book in the box .
I live in Saudi Arabia .
I live in Al-Medina .
The baby is in bed .
You were in the club last night .
Ali is sitting in his chair .

مزيداً من الأمثلة More Examples

فى IN

The medicine is in the bottle .

on على
The knife is on the table .

at عند , بالقرب
Someone is at the door .

near بالقرب من
Ahmed is setting near the window .

between بين
The house is between the school and the mosque .

opposite مقابل
The bank is opposite to the post office .

into داخل , في
The electrician is putting his hand into the TV

onto على
The water is spilling onto the floor .

off من على
The man is falling off the chair .

out of من فوق
The child is falling out of the window .

across عبر , خلال
The carpenter cut across the wood .

over /above فوق , أعلى
The light is over (above) the table.

under / below تحت , أسفل
The fire is under (below) the stairs.

through عبر , خلال
The ball is going through the window .

among وسط
The teacher is sitting among the students .

round حول
The car is going round the tree .

in front of أمام
The child is sitting in front of the TV .

behind خلف , وراء
The headmaster is sitting behind the pupils .

on top of فوق , على
The sweets are on top of the table .

at the side of بجانب
The garage is at the side of the table .

along على طول
The man is walking along the street .

next to بجوار
The bank is next to the baker's .

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تم بحمد الله الأنتهاء من الدرس