Beginning computer

[سوريانا]

السلام عليكم ورحمه الله وبركاته
ارجو من احدى الاعضاء المترجمين من اللغه الانجليزيه الى العربيه ترجمه هذا البحث ولكم مني جزيا الشكر و العرفان
لان ابغاه بكره

Beginning computer
The idea of a computer as old as the rights it was first used as a means calculating rights is the fingers and then his hands and then with gravel evolution of life The very complexity and to develop methods and techniques to suit the requirements of the times in which she lives and about this dramatic acceleration in the lives of human beings had to be offset by the acceleration in the evolution of the idea of a parallel Computer and the tendency to highlight one of the most important factors that help to provide a paper human. Were the first attempts rights enabled computer using a meter (abacus) More than 2000 years BC, passed years and started life computer generations is not measured in years

colossus machine(first generation)
generation of computer was incorporated during the second world war by Germany to build a war plane while also in England was used to crack German secrect codes and the mode of operation was the use of valves of about 1500 to 1800and In late 1943, a large and unwieldy machine was installed at Bletchley Park, the centre of Britain’s wartime code breaking activities. It was called colossus
The Colossus machines were electronic computing devices used by British codebreaker to read encrypted cermen messages during world war 2These were the world's first programmable (if not fully) dig ital electronic computing devices.
Colossus was designed by engineer tommy flowers at the post office station ,dollis hill with input from mathematician max newman and group atbletchley park. The prototype, Colossus Mark I, was shown working in December 1943 and was operational at Bletchley Park by February 1944. An improved Colossus Mark II was first installed in June 1944, with input from Allen Coombs, and ten Colossi had been constructed by the end of the war
Colossus Advantage
So Colossus was able to process digital data. It was also able to perform different tasks, including ones that were not envisaged by its designers. Even better you could use Colossus to perform other calculations that were not necessarily related to code breaking. That's a feature which distinguishes it from the Bombes, and a feature which makes its claim as the first modern computer. In short, Colossus was a programmable digital computer just as modern computers are. One distinct difference between Colossus and modern computers though is that Colossus was programmed by someone connecting various pieces of the machine together using wires. A modern computer's program is stored with its data, inside the machine. This improvement did not come until a machine called the Manchester Baby in 1948
Colossus disadvantage
but Computers during built that the Second World War crossings were the first generation to inspect a lot of advantages, such as Colossus lacked two important features of modern computers. First, it had no internally stored programs. To set it up for a new task, the operator had to alter the machine's physical wiring, using plugs and switches. Second, Colossus was not a general-purpose machine, being designed for a specific cryptanalytic task involving counting and Boolean operations. In addition, it has been slow and very significant to the extent that it takes place the entire room and need to thermal energy, as well as very expensive, But it did not last long because it broke and then rebuilt.
colossus Rebuilding
For this and Through research culpability that colossus machine destroyed after World War II and rebuilt, through several articles including. (The founders of the British National Museum of Computing and Cryptography started a project to create a replica of the Colossus by using photos and information about the original machine. All six Colossus computers used in the World War II were broken apart and destroyed for a variety of reason
Article ll (The first ever computer was created during the second World War by English code breakers, in the effort to crack the code used by the German high command to communicate messages, to field officers. It was the first partially programmable electronic computer. The first prototype was shown working in December 1943, named Colossus Mark I, and by the end of the war, ten more Colossi were constructed. A reconstruction
of the first code cracking computer was completed after fourteen years of work, and tested against a modern 1,4 GHz personal computer. The Colossus Mark II replica, was matched and defeated by the modern computer in a challenge that involved the deciphering of three encrypted messages, sent by a Lorenz SZ42 teleprompter using radio protocols used by the German army in the second World War The invention regarded by many to have shortened the war by as much as 18 months, is roughly the size of a British small lorry. The messages sent by the German high command were encrypted by a Nazi based Lorenz ZS40/42 machine. Colossus was able to decipher the messages due to the fact that the encrypting machine was not entirely random)
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