الأسماء في حالة النصب في اللغة التركية

[ميسا]

Nouns in the accusative case


To form the accusative case (İsmin Belirtme Durumu) in turkish language, examine the following:

1. If the word is ending to a vowel, add the suffix yi, yı, yu, yü according to the Minor Sound Harmony rule. To remember the rule go to THEORY
Examples:
ayna (mirror) ---> aynayı
tepe (hill) ---> tepeyi
çarşı (market) ---> çarşıyı
müze (museum) ---> müzeyi
banka (bank) ---> bankayı

2. If the word is ending to a consonant, except ç k p t add the suffix i, ı, u, ü according to the Minor Sound Harmony rule. To remember the rule go to THEORY
Examples:
makas (scissors) ---> makası
duvar (wall) ---> duvarı
arkadaş (friend) ---> arkadaşı
taraf (side) ---> tarafı
güneş (sun) ---> güneşi
televizyon (TV) ---> televizyonu
göl (lake) ---> gölü

3. If the last letter of the word is ç it is usually converted to c.
Examples:
sonuç (result) ---> sonucu
kılıç (sword) ---> kılıcı
pirinç (rice) ---> pirinci


4. If the last letter of the word is k:
4a. In most cases k is converted to ğ. Examples:
ipek (silk) ---> ipeği
meslek (profession) ---> mesleği
tavuk (chicken) ---> tavuğu


4b. There are some monosyllabic words that k remains the same.
Examples:
ok (arrow) ---> oku


4c. There are some words ending to nk which is converted to ng.
Examples:
renk (color) ---> rengi
ahenk (harmony) ---> ahengi


5. If the last letter of the word is p it is usually converted to b.

Examples:
şarap (wine) ---> şarabı
hesap (bill) ---> hesabı
kitap (book) ---> kitabı


6. If the last letter of the word is t:
6a. There are some words that t remains the same.
Examples:
fiyat (price) ---> fiyatı
bulut (cloud) ---> bulutu
kat (floor (1st, 2nd…)) ---> katı


6b. In other words t is converted to d.
Examples:
kağıt (paper) ---> kağıdı
yurt (homeland) ---> yurdu


Special cases:

A. Words ending to a vowel between 2 consonants, usually lose it.
Examples:
isim (name) ---> ismi
burun (nose) ---> burnu
resim (painting) ---> resmi

B. In names, place names etc. that start with a capital letter we don't use the rules for the letters ç k p t that we described above. We just add the apostrophe and the suffix i, ı, u, üyi, yı, yu, yü to the words ending to a vowel according to Minor Sound Harmony rule.
Examples:
Ankara (Ankara) ---> Ankara'yı
Britanya (Britain) ---> Britanya'yı
Selanik (Thessaloniki) ---> Selanik'i
Norveç (Norway) ---> Norveç'i
İstanbul (Istanbul) ---> İstanbul'u
Türkiye (Turkey) ---> Türkiye'yi
Meriç (Meric (Evros) river) ---> Meriç'i
Trabzon (Trabzon) ---> Trabzon'u
to the words ending to a consonant and the suffix
C. Some words of not turkish origin don't follow the Minor Sound Harmony rule.
Examples:
petrol (petrol) ---> petrolü
saat (time, clock) ---> saati
normal (normal) ---> normali
sembol (symbol) ---> sembolü
dikkat (attention) ---> dikkati

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