قواعد if مرة اخرى

[hannibal22]

بسم الله الرحمن الرحيم.

لفت نظرى الشرح المبسط الشديد الاختصار الذى طرحته مشرفة القسم هنا عن قواعد if فى اللغة الانجليزية وفكرت فى طرح ذات الموضوع مرة اخرى بصورة اكثر وضوحا

if

الحالة الصفرية ZERO CONDITIONAL:-
وهى الحالة التى تستخدم فى التعبير عن الحقائق والقواعد العلمية الثابتة وهى غالبا ما تحتوى صيغة المبنى للمجهول ولا يكون فيها فعل ناقص فى جملة جواب الشرط كالآتى:-
- If water is heated, it evaporates
If you heat water, it evaporates.
الحالة الاولى:- first conditional
-تستخدم الحالة الاولى فى التعبير عن الاتى:-
1-الحقيقة والقاعدة العلمية 2-التعبير عن موقف او امنية يمكن تحقيقها فى المستقبل
3-الحالة الاولى تستخد المضارع البسيط للتعبير عن المستقبل
4-الاثبات فى هذه الحالة يعنى الاثبات والنفى يعنى النفى.
التكوين:-
IF+subject+verb +compliment, subject + modal verb + infinitive
أمثلة
- If you study hard, you can succeed.
- If she sleeps early, she will get up early.
- If they play well, they may win the match.
If he doesn't smoke heavily, he will not be ill

يمكن ان تستبدل if فى الحالة الاولى ب should بدون اى تغيير فى الجملة
-should you study hard, you can succeed.
- should she sleeps early, she will get up early.
Should they play well, they may win the match.-
-should he doesn't smoke heavily, he will not be ill.
الحالة الثانية:-
تستخدم الحالة الثانية فى المواقف التالية:-
1-التعبير عن موقف مستحيل تحقيقه فى الوقت الحالى 2- التعبير عن موقف خيالى.
3- النصيحة 4- الحالة الثانية تستخدم زمن الماضى البسيط للتعبير عن الوقت الحالى
5- الاثبات فى هذه الحالة يعنى النفى والنفى يعنى الاثبات.
التكوين:-
-IF+subject+p.verb+compliment, subject+p.modal+infinitive

امثلة
If you studied hard, you could succeed.
If he read many books, he would be clever.
If we didn't play well, we might not win the cup.
ملاحظات:-

-يمكن ان تستبدل if فى هذه الحالة ب should بدون اى تغيير فى الجملة
-يمكن ان تحل had محل if فى هذه الحالة بشرط ان تكون had فعل اساسى فى الجملة مثل المثال الاتى:-
- if he had a car ,he would go to work faster. (Had)
Had he a car , he would go to work faster.
-يمكن ان تحل were محلif فى هذه الحالة بطريقتين:
1-اذا كانت were فعل اساسى فى الجملة تحل محل if بدون اى تغيير فى الجملة.
-if they were tall , they would join the basketball team. (WERE)
-Were they tall , they would join the basketball team.
2-اذا لم تكن were فعل اساسى فى الجملة تحل محل if بشرط وضع toقبل المصدر من فعل الشرط.
-IF they got up early , they wouldn't miss the bus. (Were)
Were they to get up early , they wouldn't miss the bus.
-تحل كل من with out و but for محلif فى هذه الحالة وكل حالة بشرط ان يأتى بعدهما noun
أو الفعل مضافا لهing وبشرط ان تكون الجملة منفية.
-with out getting up early, they would not miss the bus.
-but for working hard, he could not be a good employee.
-تحل if it were not for محل if بنفس الشروط السابقة( الجملة المنفية+ يأتى بعدها ingاو noun)
-if it were not for working hard, he could not get a high salary.
-تستخدم if I were you فى النصيحة وتكون هى نفسها جملة الشرط.
-you should not smoke. (IF)
-if I were you, I would not smoke.
-تستخدم الحالة الثانية ايضا فى التعبير عن الموقف الخيالى.
- if I were a bird , I would fly.

- تستخدم الحالة التالتة فى التعبير عم موقف مستحيل تحقيقه او تغييره.
تتكون من –
If +subject+had+pp, subject+p.modal+have+ pp
النفى يعنى الاثبات والاثبات يعنى النفى .

- If she had taken the medicine, she would not have been ill.
- If Hala had written her homework, she would not have been punished.
-if you had gone to the cinema early, you have booked better seats.
ملاحظات:-
-تحل had محل if فى هذه الحالة بدون اى تغيير فى الجملة.
- had you gone to the cinema early, you have booked better seats.
-تحل with out و but for محل if فى هذه الحالة بشرط ان تكون الجملة منفية وأن يأتى بعدها nounأو ing
-With out / but for taking the medicine, She would have been ill.
-تحل if it had not been for محل if فى الحالة التالتة بنفس الشروط السابقة( الجملة المنفية/ يأتى بعدها noun أو ing
-تحل in case of محل if فى كل الحالات بشرط ان تكون الجملة مثبتة ويأتى بعدها noun أو ing
-
تنفى if اى انها تساوى if….not
-تتبع نفس قواعد if.
-if he does not study hard, he will not get high marks. (Unless)
Unless he studies hard, he will not get high marks.
-if he did not study hard, he would not get high marks. (Unless)
Unless he studied hard, he would not get high marks.
-if he had not studied hard, he would not have got high marks. (Unless)
Unless he had studied hard, he would not have got high marks.
لاحظ أنه لا يتم حذف not الا من جملة الشرط فقط أى أن unlessتساوى if…not فى جملة الشرط فقط وهى تتبع نفس قواعدif فى الحالات الثلاثة


Rewrite the following sentences using if
1-she did not do her home work, so she was punished.
2-I think he will take part in the race, if so he will probably win.
3-you must work hard in order to pass your exams.
4-it is illegal to drive a car with out having a driving license.
5-few people passed the last exam as it was very difficult.
6-we trust him since he is honest.
7-he forgot to take his mobile phone as he was in a hurry.
8-he left the safe door open and so the money was stolen.
9-i did not know it was going to rain so I did not bring my umbrella.
10-he did not attend the meeting because of his illness.
11-take the medicine regularly and you will feel better.
12-she wants to marry him only because of his wealth.
13-the weather is misty so I can not drive fast.
14-we are not in the same class, so we do not take the same home work.
15-if my school is near, I will go on foot.
16- Heating metals causes them to expand.
17-we did not play the match because the weather was bad.